Siberian musk deer preputial gland secretions are constituted of free fatty acids and phenols (10%), waxes (38%) and steroids. Situated in the Himalayas, the park has rocks as well as steep mountains. It has reportedly pharmaceutical properties also. Kaziranga - Musk deer. Edit. Lion (Panthera leo persica) is an important protected animal in wildlife of India. Various animals can be found here like the leopard, the musk deer, the Himalayan Black Bear, … National parks in India are IUCN category II protected areas. This is highly prized as an aphrodisiac and perfume, which has led to large-scale … Although bearing fangs, Siberian musk deer are actually herbivores with their main source of nutrients being lichens. Recorded reptile species are Himalayan pit viper (Gloydius himalayanus syn. Hunters catch and kill the deer using snares. The decline of the Siberian Musk Deer's population began in China where most of the deer population was abundant. The Divisional Forest Officer(DFO) Kedarnath Wildlife Division is responsible for scientific management of the wildlife sanctuary as per the approved management plan. The sanctuary has a large number of Hindu temples located within its precincts. Consequently, poaching, habitat destruction, … • Dachigam National Park, Jammu and Kashmir • Kanchendzonga National Park, Sikkim. Out of 111 respondents, 77% reported that the primary objective for poacher kills to the musk deer was musk pod, followed by skin (15%) and meat (8%). Conservation works get further delayed as sanctuaries receive money towards the end of the … Males grow the teeth for display instead of antlers.[8][9]. [2][3][9] Visitors to these temples have occasionally been attacked by wildlife. [1] At Tungnath, two sedges, Carex lacta and C. munda, have been reported which had previously only been reported in the far west region of Nepal. [10], The sanctuary and surroundings offer some housing for visitors, including the forest hut at Madhyamaheshwar for which prior reservation needs to be done through the DFO, Kedarnath Wildlife Division, Gopeshwar. [8] This temple dates to the 8th century. The rocky location provides crevices and crags for the musk deer to hide from many predators, such as lynx and wolverines. Only a few tens of grams can be extracted from an adult male. The approach to Kedarnath Temple is only through the sanctuary. [2][18][19], Chaukhamba peak, northern boundary of sanctuary, Kala, C.P. However, of the 30177.19 km2 potential habitat, only 19.26% (5815.08 km2) is inside the protected areas and the remaining 80.73% falls outside the protected areas. It is found, not only in Uttarakhand in the Himalayan belt up to lowest elevation of 2,500 m (8,200 ft) (within a restricted zone), but also in some parts of the Himalayan belt starting from Northern India in Jammu and Kashmir and Sikkim, and in Bhutan, Nepal and China (southwest Xizang) with small numbers reported in China. Qi, W.-H., Li, J., Zhang, X.-Y., Wang, Z.-K., Li, X.-X., Yang, C.-Z., Fu, W. and Yue, B.-S. (2011) ‘The reproductive performance of female forest musk deer () in captivity’, Theriogenology, 76(5), pp. In 2016, the Korean company Sooam Biotech was reported to be attempting to clone the Siberian musk deer to help conserve the species. [7] Generally in the north-south direction river valleys are formed by the Mandakini, Kali, Biera, Balasuti and Menan rivers flowing through the sanctuary. It is most common in the taiga of southern Siberia, but is also found in parts of Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, Manchuria and the Korean peninsula. Musk deer farming, therefore, has become one of the most appropriate ways to protect and utilize musk deer resources. Research program of musk deer ecology in the Sikhote-Alin region. The Siberian musk deer is classified as Vulnerable by the IUCN. • Carnivores are: Indian jackal (Canis aureus indicus), red fox (Vulpes vulpes), Himalayan black bear (Selenarctos thibetanus laniger) (V), yellow-throated marten (Martes flavigula), leopard cat (Felis bengalensis), Indian leopard (Panthera pardus fusca) (V) and snow leopard (Uncia uncia). In Russia, the Siberian Musk Deer is protected as Very Rare under part 7.1 of the Law of the Mongolian Animal Kingdom (2000) and also under the 1995 Mongolian Hunting Law. We studied anthropogenic pressure on the musk deer population in the Khaptad National Park, Nepal. doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.04.018. Siberian Musk deer have a preference for easily digestible nutritious foods. It lies within the larger Western Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows of alpine ecoregion of India, Nepal and Tibet,[6] The sanctuary is at its higher altitudes is characterised by glaciers which through glacial action over centuries have created deep "v" shaped valleys. On the basis of rainfall of 3,050 mm (120 in) recorded near Tungnath in 1979-81, the monsoon rain (June to September) was about 81% while snow precipitation during December–March was 11%. [12], Media related to Moschus moschiferus at Wikimedia Commons. It takes approximately a year for the Siberian musk deer to reach maturity with an average deer living 10 – 14 years. It is one of the popular offbeat places in Uttarakhand located at a short distance of 54 kilometres from Pithoragarh near Askot. The number of visitors to the Kedarnath shrine, who passed through the sanctuary, was 5,57,923 in 2007 as against 87,629 in 1987, a quantum jump in 20 years. The Indian musk deer bears the tendency to be more secretive and they are easily seen either … The Siberian musk deer ( Moschus moschiferus) is a musk deer found in the mountain forests of Northeast Asia. The Siberian musk deer (Moschus moschiferus) is a musk deer found in the mountain forests of Northeast Asia. The park spreading over 10,000 square km in five districts of Gilgit Baltistan and according to the locals it is a natural habitat for different species of … However, efforts from each sighted countries are beginning to reintroduce the musk deer's population. Visitors are mostly Indian nationals on pilgrimage to various temples, though a few international tourists also visit the area. Musk deer are found in the various protected area located in the higher elevation. [1] Consisting of an area of 975 km2 (376 sq mi), it is the largest protected area in the western Himalayas.It is famous for alpine musk deer, Himalayan Thar, Himalayan Griffon, Himalayan Black bear, Snow Leopard and other flora park and fauna. [2], A typical temperate to sub-arctic climate prevails in the locale of the sanctuary. The major part of the killing tools represented … Musk deer are found in the various protected area located in the higher elevation. It prefers altitudes of more than 2600 m. Adults are small, weighing 7–17 kg. [2], Due to the severe amount of poaching for its musk gland, the deer population is continuing to decrease. The majority of their diet consists mostly of lichens, pine needles, leaves, and tree barks. Its alternate name comes from its primary purpose of protecting the endangered Himalayan musk deer. [3] The musk deers are also protected under the National Parks which accounts for approximately 13% of the Siberian Musk Deer population. In Russia, the Siberian Musk Deer is protected as Very Rare under part 7.1 of the Law of the Mongolian Animal Kingdom (2000) and also under the 1995 Mongolian Hunting Law. A distinct subspecies roams the island of Sakhalin. Yang, Q., Meng, X., Xia, L. and Feng, Z. Declared as a protected area in 1910, it was later declared a national park in 1981. Conservation. It is internationally important for the diversity of its flora and fauna (particularly of ungulate species). The headquarter of Kedarnath Wildlife Division is located at Gopeshwar, District Chamoli. The Himalayan musk deer is not only the most primitive, but also the smallest ungulate living above the altitude of 2500m [1,3,5,6]. Only found in male deer, a musk pod is worth more than gold on the international black market for its perceived pharmaceutical properties. Among the smaller mammals are Hodgsons's brown-toothed shrew (Episoriculus caudatus), red giant flying squirrel (Petaurista petaurista), and Royle's pika (Ochotona roylei). Uttarakhand is home to rare species of plants and animals, many of which are protected by sanctuaries and reserves. After the 1980s, the production begins to steadily decline due to hunting for their musk glands. Visiting season is from April to June and again from September to November. Wildlife Division. Musk deer occupy the middle to the higher mountain regions, which cover 12 protected areas of Nepal (6 national parks, 5 conservation areas, 1 hunting reserve). Despite being commonly called deer, they are not true deer belonging to the family Cervidae. Deer musk has been a key constituent in many perfumes since its discovery, being held to give a perfume long-lasting power as a fixative. The questionnaire survey was applied from October to November 2018. At the international level, trading musk is controlled through CITES. Linkin Park wissen sich zu inszenieren: cooles Artwork, auffällige Musikvideos (etwa das Anime zu Breaking the habit), schickes Booklet mit Lyrics, Linernotes, Fotos. The primates recorded are rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) and common langur (Presbytis entellus). Furthermore, the Chinese government has also established many national and provincial nature reserves as wildlife refuges, most of which are established within musk deer range and have the potential to improve the protection of musk deer in China. Most Siberian musk deer are generally nocturnal inhabiting the mountainous taiga and found in shrub-covered slopes where foods are abundant. Siberia. (2002) Conservation status and causes of decline of musk deer (Moschus spp.) Language. It is possible to remove the gland without killing the deer, but this is seldom done. In Russia, the Siberian Musk Deer is protected as Very Rare under part 7.1 of the Law of the Mongolian Animal Kingdom (2000) and also under the 1995 Mongolian Hunting Law. Musk deer (Moschus moschiferus): Reinvestigation of main lipid components from preputial gland secretion. [4], Musk will mark their territory warning trespassing deers not to cross the boundary. In 1972, India enacted the Wildlife Protection Act and Project Tiger to safeguard the habitats of conservation reliant species. This species was originally described as a subspecies to the alpine musk deer, but is now classified as a separate species.The deer stand at 60 cm (2.0 ft) tall, and only males … The diverse climate and topography in the sanctuary area has created dense forests of chir pine, oak, birch, rhododendrons and alpine meadows with incidence of numerous Himalayan flowering plants. and Rhododendron (Rhododendron spp. Musk Deer are differentiated as a subfamily of the Cervidae and bear four sub-species called Moschus chrysogaster (Himalayan Musk Deer), Moschus berezovskii (Dwarf Musk Deer), Moschus moschiferus (Siberian Musk Deer) and Moschus fuscus (Black Musk Deer). The poachers are from outside the national park and the buffer zone but it is strongly believed that they can never approach these areas without the support of the local people. Sagarmatha National Park The Sagarmatha (Mt. [15] The sanctuary includes a breeding center at Kharchula Kharak, both to help advance understanding of the animal's conservation requirements and to breed it in captivity for reintroduction to the wild. These are the Mandani, Madhyamaheshwar, Tungnath, Ansuya Devi and Rudranath. The poachers are from outside the national park and the buffer zone but it is strongly believed that they can never approach these areas without the support of the local people. IN THE MUSK DEER NATIONAL PARK GURAIZ, AZAD JAMMU AND KASHMIR, PAKISTAN B. D. Qureshi, M. Anwar, I. Hussain and M. A. Beg Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan Corresponding Author e-mail: baseerqureshi@gmail.com ABSTRACT In Pakistan, Himalayan musk deer (Moschus chrysogaster) inhabits sub-alpine scrub, and mixed … The park includes It is internationally important for the diversity of its flora and fauna (particularly of ungulate species). Its inclusion in the list is a confirmation of outstanding interest … Due to biodiversity present in state 12 percent of total geographical area is protected areas which includes 6 National Park, 7 Wildlife Sanctuary, 4 Conservation Reserve & 1 Biosphere Reserve. It is most common in the taiga of southern Siberia, but is also found in parts of Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, Manchuria and the Korean peninsula . [4] New sightings of musk deer was later spotted in the upper northeast Asia and Russia; these spotted places soon opened their own musk market. The musk deer is kept in Schedule 1 of the Wildlife Protection Act 1972. This high value of precipitation is due to the fact that the hill ranges to the south, of about 3,000 m (9,800 ft) height, are open without much of rain-shadow effect. For about three months, following heavy snowfall in December, the sanctuary is snow-covered. Musk deer can refer to any one, or all seven, of the species that make up Moschus, the only extant genus of the family Moschidae. 874–881. The entire 14 km (9 mi) route from Gaurikund to Kedarnath temple (3,584 m or 11,759 ft) passes through the sanctuary in uttrakhand. Consisting of an area of 975 km 2 (376 sq mi), it is the largest protected area in the western Himalayas.It is famous for alpine musk deer, Himalayan Thar, Himalayan Griffon, Himalayan Black bear, Snow Leopard and other flora park and fauna. … Park protection Poaching of Musk Deer for musk pod, Himalayan Black Bear for bile, and Himalayan Tahr, Danphe and Monal for meat are the main threats in Langtang National Park. The Kashmir musk deer (Moschus cupreus) is an endangered species of musk deer native to Afghanistan, India, and Pakistan.Recent studies have shown that the species is also native to western Nepal. We studied anthropogenic pressure on the musk deer population in the Khaptad National Park, Nepal. When marking their territories, musk deer gather fallen branches, tree trunks, as well as plant stems and place them in a circle. [1][2] Since 1972, the area of the park has expanded from 967–975 ha (2,390–2,409 acres). The white-bellied musk deer is protected by law in Bhutan, Nepal, and India. [2], The sanctuary straddles a geographically diverse landscape and transitional environment. They said a joint team composed of the army and locals had … Management Plan for Sagarmatha National Park and its Buffer Zone 2016-2020 Musk deer is commonly found in SNP between 2,500 − 4,000 m where the area is covered by Birch (Betula utilis), Fir (Abies spp.) Muskauer Park/Park Mużakowski – an outstanding example of a European park, a crafted ideal landscape, and a new approach to designing greenery in urbanized spaces – was included in the world heritage list according to the convention concerning the protection of the world cultural and natural heritage on July 2, 2004. Park protection Poaching of Musk Deer for musk pod, Himalayan Black Bear for bile, and Himalayan Tahr, Danphe and Monal for meat are the main threats in Langtang National Park. 200million cm3[4] of China's forest recourses were cut down in the past 25 years in order to harvest the timber stock in trade for commerce. Maksimova, D. A., Seryodkin, I. V., Zaitsev, V. A., & Miquelle, D. G. (2014). "[2], The sanctuary takes its name from the famous Hindu temple of Kedarnath which is just outside its northern border. [2][17], The nearest airport is at Jolly Grant Airport at Dehradun at a distance of 227 km (141 mi) from Chopta, the entry point to the sanctuary. (2009). The Temple Committee maintains Dharamshalas (rest houses or inns) for use by pilgrims and tourists at Trijuginarayan, Dougalbitta, Mandal, Gaurikund and Kedarnath. This results in severe cold conditions. Other ways the Siberian Musk Deer will mark its territory is by defecating in already marked territories or unclaimed territories.[5]. Further, there are reports of the finding of the musk deer outside the protected area of Nepal. Summer temperature recorded is 25 °C (77 °F), the highest in May or June; a mild and pleasant condition. Ancistrodon himalayanus) (common) and Boulenger's keelback (Hebius parallelum). Other temples, though not of matching importance, have strong legends related to the epic Mahabharata days. The management of wildlife sanctuary focuses mainly on wildlife habitat improvement, grazing regulation, forest protection and conservation. In June 2019, a tiger was also captured on camera in this sanctuary.[13]. While placing the various branches around the circle, the deer will often do an olfactory examination and turn the back of its body towards the marked territories. During periods of winter, musk deer can survive in even poorer food quality ranging in foods that are low in proteins but are high in energy and can be easily digested.[6]. [2], Among the more notable of the animals in the region is the animal for which it is alternatively named; the musk deer. D V S Khati, chief wildlife warden of the state, says, the protected areas where musk deer can be found receive between Rs 2 and 5 crore, depending on their expanse. It is largely nocturnal, and migrates only over short distances. Single horned rhino (Rhinoceros unicornis) is an important protected animal in wildlife of India. The local Hindu culture is also imbibed by the Bhotiyas (may be with some Tibetan link) who have pastoral work culture and are an integral part of the valleys. The Siberian musk deer is considered vulnerable, but is slowly declining to endangerment. Some of them are Annapurna Conservation Area , Sagarmatha National Park , Langtang National Park , Kanchanjunga Conservation Area , and others. [2][7], pindrow fir (Also known as West Himalayan Fir), The sanctuary is reputed to have many high value medicinal and aromatic plant species, of which 22 species are rare and endangered. Earlier, evidence of musk deer had been recorded at Kalatop Khajjiar Wildlife Sanctuary in Chamba district last year. Deforestation is a severe threat to the musk deer's long term survival because the deer can only live in a few areas. New Delhi: There is only one musk deer alive in the zoos across India.The detail furnished by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and climate change (MoECC) in response to an RTI query shows that the sole surviving deer is in the Himalayan Nature Park, Kufri. in china. ). Conservation Biology, 2005, 19: 368-378http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00602.x/abstract, Western Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows, "Western Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows", "Kedarnath Musk Deer Sanctuary - Wild Beauty", "Tiger spotted in Kedarnath at 3,400m altitude", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kedarnath_Wildlife_Sanctuary&oldid=996953661, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 29 December 2020, at 09:51. The management of the wildlife sanctuary is done by the Uttarakhand Forest department. Declining population (over 40% in 21 years) of this species and large scale poaching for profit, dictated the decision to declare it as an endangered animal (EN) in 1973 (Halloway, 1973) and the species was listed vulnerable in the red data book of IUCN in 1974. Achievements in the Life Sciences, 8(1), 65–71. 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