It occurs when oxygen is not present. We thoroughly check each answer to a question to provide you with the most correct answers. Click to rate this post! When glycolysis occurs, it breaks down glucose into pyruvic acids in the cytoplasm. Glycolysis occurs at what location? [4] Another example is methanogenesis, a form of carbon-dioxide respiration, that is used to produce methane gas by anaerobic digestion. Anaerobic respiration is respiration using electron acceptors other than molecular oxygen (O2). There are things that are primarily in humans and there are processes that are nearly … Therefore, anaerobic respiration is less efficient than aerobic. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under conditions of the Archean ocean also in the absence of … In anaerobes, other less-oxidizing substances such as nitrate (NO3−), fumarate, sulphate (SO42−), or sulphur (S) are used. [Total: 8 Average: 3.9] Cellular respiration is a set of metabolic reactions and processes that take … Cellular Respiration Quiz: Learn and Practice for Free Read More » Without the option of reverting to oxidative metabolism within a short time span, they must also deal with the continued accumulation of acid. What part (organelle) of the cell does pyruvate enter for the TCA cycle? Excessive anaerobic glycolysis produces large quantities of lactic acid. 2019 JULY Improvement | HSE +1 Exam | Zoology - An... 2019 JULY Improvement | HSE +1 Exam | Botany - Ans... 2019 March | HSE +1 Exam | Zoology - Answers, 2019 March | HSE +1 Exam | Botany - Answers. Denitrification converts both compounds into harmless nitrogen gas.[7]. Anaerobic cellular respiration and fermentation generate ATP in very different ways, and the terms should not be treated as synonyms. A) Liver B ... anaerobic respiration B) active transport C) diffusion D ) photosynthesis 10. An example of the ecological importance of anaerobic respiration is the use of nitrate as a terminal electron acceptor, or dissimilatory denitrification, which is the main route by which fixed nitrogen is returned to the atmosphere as molecular nitrogen gas. Anaerobic glycolysis is utilized by muscles when oxygen becomes depleted during exercise, and the resulting lactic acid is later removed from muscle cells and sent to the liver which converts it back to glucose. Anaerobic respiration is also occurs in animal cells. Cellular respiration (both aerobic and anaerobic) utilizes highly reduced chemical compounds such as NADH and FADH2 (for example produced during glycolysis and the citric acid cycle) to establish an electrochemical gradient (often a proton gradient) across a membrane. The electron acceptor NAD+ is regenerated from NADH formed in oxidative steps of the fermentation pathway by the reduction of oxidized compounds. The first phase of glycolysis requires energy, while the … It occurs in aerobic respiration only. A) The cell membrane B) cytoplasm C) mitochondria D) pyruvate accepting receptors 11. Occurs as a cyclic sequence. Two ATP are synthesized. Glycolysis is a sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The process does not use oxygen and is, therefore, anaerobic. Hyperlactatemia and lactic acidosis are important prognostic factors in patients with severe malaria 7,8]. But it occurs for both aerobic and anaerobic respiration. 2018 JULY Improvement | HSE +1 Exam | Botany Quest... 2018 JULY Improvement | HSE +1 Exam | Zoology Ques... 2018 March | HSE +1 Exam | Botany Question Paper, 2018 March | HSE +1 Exam | Zoology Question Paper, 2018 March | HSE +1 Exam | Zoology - ANSWERS, 2018 March | HSE +1 Exam | Botany - ANSWERS, 2017 March | HSE +1 Exam | Zoology Question Paper, 2017 March | HSE +1 Exam | Zoology - Answers, 2017 March | HSE +1 Exam | Botany Question Paper, 2017 March | HSE +1 Exam | Botany - ANSWERS, 2016 March | HSE +1 Exam | Zoology Question Paper, 2016 March | HSE +1 Exam | Zoology - Answers, 2016 March | HSE +1 Exam | Botany Question Paper, 2016 March | HSE +1 Exam | Botany - Answers. This is clinically significant because oxidation of glucose under aerobic conditions results … It occurs at times when energy is required in the absence of oxygen. Anaerobic respiration is a critical component of the global nitrogen, iron, sulfur, and carbon cycles through the reduction of the oxyanions of nitrogen, sulfur, and carbon to more-reduced compounds. Aerobic one occurs in the mitochondria. (1) 2. Choose from 500 different sets of 2 respiration glycolysis 1 flashcards on Quizlet. Glycolysis is regulated primarily by: A) the availability of glucose-6-phosphate. This takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell. Thus this reaction determines whether glycolysis occurs aerobically or anaerobically. … Anaerobic respiration: Partial oxidation of food … I would say that anaerobic glycolysis is not less efficient that oxidative phosphorylation. It is a linear pathway. C) three strongly exergonic, nonequilibrium reactions. Glycolysis produces reduced forms of NAD in the energy generation phase. Read full answer here. Anaerobic (fermentation), IN MUSCLE CELLS: Fermentation yields low ATP but provides it rapidly. Lactate levels … However, under anaerobic conditions, only 2 mol of ATP can be produced. 1 decade ago. A proton motive force drives protons down the gradient (across the membrane) through the proton channel of ATP synthase. ~ (an-air-oh-bik) [Gk. It is therefore possible to state that the catabolic fate of the carbon skeleton of glucose is influenced by the cell type, the energetic state of the cell, and the availability of oxygen. It can occur aerobically or anaerobically depending on whether oxygen is available. Glycolysis is the first of the main metabolic pathways of cellular respiration to produce energy in the form of ATP. When the energy requirement for a particular action is not adequately met by aerobic means, the muscle cells process glucose without the … The second stage involves aerobic respiration, which takes place inside the mitochondria of the cell. A Treasure of Knowledge for Biology Lovers, (Fes, Cyt b, FMN, FAD, Cyt a, NADH, Ubiquinone, Cyt c, Cyt a3, H2O), Fructose – 6 – phosphate, Citric acid, Phosphoenol pyruvate, Malic acid. This reaction occurs in a single step and, like glycolysis, is anaerobic. The first step in is glycolysis, the second is the citric acid cycle and the third is the electron transport system. Typically, anaerobic glycolysis occurs in muscle cells during vigorous physical activity. If glucose is used, it generates 2 ATPs, while if glycogen is used, it forms 3 ATPs. Glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. This results in an electrical potential or ion concentration difference across the membrane. 1. Anaerobic glycolysis is the process by which the normal pathway of glycolysis is routed to produce lactate. Aerobic Glycolysis: Aerobic Glycolysis is a popular term of … Truly anaerobic glycolysis does occur in microorganisms which are capable of living in the absence of oxygen. Anaerobic glycolysis also occurs in many microbes, which also face the need to reoxidize NADH. There are many different kinds of pathways and processes that occur in our bodies. These oxidized compounds are often formed during the fermentation pathway itself, but may also be external. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient known metabolic pathways. The biogeochemical cycling of these compounds, which depends upon anaerobic respiration, significantly impacts the carbon cycle and global warming. Animal Kingdom - Notes | Class 11 | Part 3: Cnidaria. Glycolysis is the major pathway of glucose metabolism and occurs in the cytosol of all cells. In an anaerobic … Even environments, such as soil, that contain oxygen also have micro-environments that lack oxygen due to the slow diffusion characteristics of oxygen gas. It is vital for tissues with high energy requirements, insufficient oxygen supply or absence of oxidative enzymes. Glycolysis – occurs exactly the same as in aerobic cellular respiration. A) The inner … Molecular oxygen is a high-energy [2] oxidizing agent and, therefore, is an excellent electron acceptor. Here there are two possible fates for the pyruvate formed from glucose, both of which involve the oxidation of NADH to NAD +: • Reduction to lactate, as occurs in human muscle. These terminal electron acceptors have smaller reduction potentials than O2, meaning that less energy is released per oxidized molecule. In both the Aerobic and Anaerobic Glycolysis the breakdown of food particles occurs the only difference between the two is in Aerobic Glycolysis the food particles and glucoses is break down in the presence of oxygen whereas on the other hand in Anaerobic Glycolysis oxygen is not involved in any of its function. Through two distinct phases, the six-carbon ring of glucose is cleaved into two three-carbon sugars of pyruvate through a series of enzymatic reactions. 2019 June (SAY) | HSE +2 Exam | Zoology Question P... 2019 June (SAY) | HSE +2 Exam | Zoology - Answers, 2019 June (SAY) | HSE +2 Exam | Botany Question Paper, 2019 June (SAY) | HSE +2 Exam | Botany - Answers, 2019 March | HSE +2 Exam | Zoology Question Paper, 2019 March | HSE +2 Exam | Botany - Answers, 2019 March | HSE +2 Exam | Botany Question Paper, 2019 March | HSE +2 Exam | Zoology - Answers. Fermentation instead only uses substrate-level phosphorylation to produce ATP. The overall reaction can be represented as follows: C 6 H 12 O 6 (glucose) + 6O 2 → 6CO 2 + 6H 2 o+ Energy. The resulting current drives ATP synthesis from ADP and inorganic phosphate. Anaerobic respiration consists of only 2 reaction series and only the first of these, glycolysis, produces ATP: 1. The fi… As an exercise continues more than 10 seconds, the anaerobic glycolytic system takes charge of providing ATP. For example, in homofermentative lactic acid bacteria, NADH formed during the oxidation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is oxidized back to NAD+ by the reduction of pyruvate to lactic acid at a later stage in the pathway. Fermentation, in contrast, does not utilize an electrochemical gradient. The Living World | Class 11 | Previous Years Quest... HSE (+1, +2) Model QP & Online Exam Series. Biogenic methane is used as a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels. [5] Sulfate respiration produces hydrogen sulfide, which is responsible for the characteristic 'rotten egg' smell of coastal wetlands and has the capacity to precipitate heavy metal ions from solution, leading to the deposition of sulfidic metal ores. 2018 SAY (June) | HSE +2 Exam | Zoology Question P... 2018 SAY (June) | HSE +2 Exam | Zoology Answer Key, 2018 SAY (June) | HSE +2 Exam | Botany Question Paper, 2018 SAY (June)| HSE +2 Exam | Botany Answer Key, 2018 March | HSE +2 Exam | Zoology Question Paper, 2018 March | HSE +2 Exam | Zoology Answer Key, 2018 March | HSE +2 Exam | Botany Question Paper, 2018 March | HSE +2 Exam | Botany Answer Key. Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C 6 H 12 O 6, into pyruvate, CH 3 COCOO − (pyruvic acid), and a hydrogen ion, H +.The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy molecules ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide). D) allosteric effectors of pyruvate kinase. … Instead it must occur anaerobically. Here, the two pyruvate molecules from glycolysis are combined with two coenzyme A (CoA) molecules to produce two acetyl-CoA molecules and two carbon dioxide (C O 2) molecules. There are two important anaerobic microbial methane formation pathways, through carbon dioxide / bicarbonate (HCO3−) reduction (respiration) or acetate fermentation.[3]. The first stage is called glycolysis, which involves anaerobic respiration. [8], Respiration using electron acceptors other than oxygen, Examples of electron acceptors in respiration, Schmidt-Rohr, K. (2020). It occurs both in aerobic and anaerobic respiration. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae solves this problem through ethanolic fermentation: The acid is converted to a neutral and considerably … When we use muscles vigorously in a short time, fermentation produces ATP even though oxygen is in limited supply. This is clinically significant because oxidation of glucose under aerobic conditions results in 32 mol of ATP per mol of glucose. An excess of nitrate can lead to eutrophication of waterways into which treated water is released. Glycolysis is an anaerobic metabolism as it doesn't require oxygen. Two molecules of pyruvate result from the breakdown of glucose. The end product of this energy system is lactic acid. A case study video on how an athlete uses anaerobic respiration during exercise. Anaerobic respiration is useful in generating electricity in microbial fuel cells, which employ bacteria that respire solid electron acceptors (such as oxidized iron) to transfer electrons from reduced compounds to an electrode. One is aerobic and the other is anaerobic. It transfers large amounts of energy quickly . E) three strongly endergonic, nonequilibrium reactions. In respiration, pyruvate would be completely broken down to water and carbon dioxide, but in anaerobic respiration it would be reduced to lactic acid or broken down … Anaerobic glycolysis, on the other hand, occurs when glucose is broken down without the presence of oxygen. There are two different pathways by which the glycolysis process takes place. For example, toxic arsenate or selenate can be reduced to less toxic compounds by various anaerobic bacteria via anaerobic respiration. The reduction of chlorinated chemical pollutants, such as vinyl chloride and carbon tetrachloride, also occurs through anaerobic respiration. In yeast, acetaldehyde is reduced to ethanol to regenerate NAD+. Anaerobic one occurs in the cytoplasm outside the mitochondria. Specific types of anaerobic respiration are also critical in bioremediation, which uses microorganisms to convert toxic chemicals into less-harmful molecules to clean up contaminated beaches, aquifers, lakes, and oceans. Oxygen not required for glycolysis. 1. The anaerobic glycolysis takes place in skeletal muscles, brain, kidneys … This is the pathway in lactic acid bacteria, which are responsible for the fermentation … [6], Dissimilatory denitrification is widely used in the removal of nitrate and nitrite from municipal wastewater. (2). an, without + aer, air + bios, life] Lacking oxygen; referring to an organism, environment, or cellular … 2019 JULY Improvement | HSE +1 Exam | Botany Quest... 2019 JULY Improvement | HSE +1 Exam | Zoology Ques... 2019 March | HSE +1 Exam | Botany Question Paper, 2019 March | HSE +1 Exam | Zoology Question Paper. Anaerobic respiration occurs in many environments, including freshwater and marine sediments, soil, subsurface aquifers, deep subsurface environments, and biofilms. This system uses glucose in the blood or glycogen to form ATP rapidly without oxygen. Anaerobic glycolysis is a metabolic pathway involving the transformation of glucose to pyruvate and the further conversion of pyruvate to lactate, in the absence of oxygen. The term anaerobic respiration is often used in connection with higher organisms where it occurs in the roots of some water-logged plants, muscles of animals and as supplementary mode of respiration in massive tissues. On the contrary, it is quite efficient and can provide as much ATP as OXPHOS in a cancer cell. Occurs as a linear sequence. This can exit the cell and enter the bloodstream, and in sufficient amounts can cause lactic acidosis. Glycolysis: The first stage of cellular respiration which occurs in the cytosol where pyruvate is made and 2 ATP are produced. It is only the process after glycolysis that differenciates the two from each other. ATP generated by anaerobic glycolysis during moderate severity ischemia may help sustain membrane function and relaxation (12, 32); … 0 0. what are the end products of aerobic respiration By | January 11, 2021 | Comments Off on what are the end products of aerobic respiration | January 11, 2021 | Comments Off on what are the end products of aerobic respiration Elevated nitrite levels in drinking water can lead to problems due to its toxicity. Found a mistake? What organ has the most metabolically active cell in the body? Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of a cell as the first step in cellular respiration of the Kreb’s cycle. Besides these organ-specific complications, metabolic disturbances like hypoglycemia and hyperlactatemia also occur in patients with malaria. Biological Classification | Previous Year Question... HSE | T-10 | Biomolecules | Metabolism, Enzymes, HSE | T-10 | Biomolecules | Biomacromolecules, HSE | T-10 | Biomolecules | Biomicromolecules, Plus Two (Class 12) Biology Previous Years Question Papers- Kerala, Biology Printed notes- Plus One and Plus Two, List of Bacterial diseases in Human: Causative Agent, Transmission, Symptoms, Prevention & Treatment, Comparison between Starch, Glycogen and Cellulose, Comparison between unicellular and multicellular organisms, Plus 2 Biology (Botany + Zoology) Focus Area Special Notes 2021. This reaction occurs in the matrix, or interior, of the mitochondria of cells. Suggest an occasion for this. B) phosphorylation of phosphofructokinase. Anonymous . It is a cyclic pathway. Two molecules of pyruvic acid are formed. The living world | Exam Capsule | Malayalam Audio, Biology NCERT Text Books (PDF) - Class 11. Anaerobic respiration is a critical component of the global nitrogen, iron, sulfur, and carbon cycles through the reduction of the oxyanions of nitrogen, sulfur, and carbon to more-reduced compounds. Photosynthesis - Notes | Class 11 | Part 5: Factor... Photosynthesis - Notes | Class 11 | Part 4: Dark R... Photosynthesis - Notes | Class 11 | Part 3: Light ... Photosynthesis - Notes | Class 11 | Part 2: Photos... Photosynthesis - Notes | Class 11 | Part 1: Photos... Anatomy of Flowering Plants | Previous year Questi... Morphology of Flowering Plants | Previous year Que... Plant Kingdom | Class 11 | Previous year Questions... Plant Growth and Development | Previous year Quest... Respiration in Plants | Previous year Questions | ... Photosynthesis | Previous Year Questions | Class 11. Oxygen is required for the Krebs Cycle. Plus One (Class 11) Biology Previous Years Questio... 2020 SAY| HSE +2 Exam | ZOOLOGY Question Paper, 2020 SAY| HSE +2 Exam | ZOOLOGY - ANSWERS, 2020 SAY| HSE +2 Exam | Botany Question Paper, 2020 March | HSE +2 Exam | Zoology Question Paper, 2020 March | HSE +2 Exam | Zoology - Answers, 2020 March | HSE +2 Exam | Botany Question Paper, 2020 March | HSE +2 Exam | Botany - Answers, 2017 March | HSE +2 Exam | ZOOLOGY- ANSWERS, 2017 March | HSE +2 Exam | BOTANY - ANSWERS. The biogeochemical cycling of these compounds, which depends upon anaerobic respiration, significantly impacts the carbon cycle and global warming. Let us know about it through the REPORT button at the bottom of the page. acute myocardial ischemia reduces the rate of aerobic ATP formation and activates anaerobic glycolysis, resulting in an accumulation of lactate in the myocardium and a switch from net lactate uptake to lactate efflux into the blood. This process can simultaneously degrade organic carbon waste and generate electricity. Anaerobic respiration occurs in some yeasts and bacteria and in a muscle when exercise is strenuous and there is not enough oxygen. Cell the Unit of Life | Previous Year Questions. 2018 JULY Improvement | HSE +1 Exam | Zoology - An... 2018 JULY Improvement | HSE +1 Exam | Botany - Ans... 2020 March | HSE +1 Exam | Zoology - Answers, 2020 March | HSE +1 Exam | Botany - Answers, 2020 March | HSE +1 Exam | Botany Question Paper, 2020 March | HSE +1 Exam | Zoology Question Paper. Although oxygen is not the final electron acceptor, the process still uses a respiratory electron transport chain.[1]. Anaerobic respiration … "Oxygen Is the High-Energy Molecule Powering Complex Multicellular Life: Fundamental Corrections to Traditional Bioenergetics”, Table of standard reduction potentials for half-reactions important in biochemistry, "The origin of methane in the East Siberian Arctic Shelf unraveled with triple isotope analysis", "Diversity and evolution of bioenergetic systems involved in microbial nitrogen compound transformations", "Sulfate-reducing microorganisms in wetlands - fameless actors in carbon cycling and climate change", "Sediment microbial fuel cells for wastewater treatment: challenges and opportunities", "Identification of a Perchlorate Reduction Genomic Island with Novel Regulatory and Metabolic Genes", "Dissimilatory reduction of extracellular electron acceptors in anaerobic respiration", "Reductive dechlorination in the energy metabolism of anaerobic bacteria", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anaerobic_respiration&oldid=1000219517, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 14 January 2021, at 04:33. On the negative side, uncontrolled methanogenesis in landfill sites releases large volumes of methane into the atmosphere, where it acts as a powerful greenhouse gas. Glycolysis is the major pathway of glucose metabolism and occurs in the cytosol of all cells. Lactic acid fermentation. In animals, with few exceptions, and in many microorganisms when oxygen … At this point, serum pH is reduced which can lead to organ dysfunction if severe and untreated. In aerobic organisms undergoing respiration, electrons are shuttled to an electron transport chain, and the final electron acceptor is oxygen. Glycolysis via aerobic glycolysis occurs when oxygen and hydrogen atoms bond together to break down glucose, and facilitate an exchange of energy. The reduced chemical compounds are oxidized by a series of respiratory integral membrane proteins with sequentially increasing reduction potentials, with the final electron acceptor being oxygen (in aerobic respiration) or another chemical substance (in anaerobic respiration). This allows glycolysis to proceed in both anaerobic and aerobic conditions. Learn 2 respiration glycolysis 1 with free interactive flashcards. 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate (1,3BPG), the reaction product, contains an acylphosphate group, which has a standard free energy of hydrolysis of 49.4kJ/mol. , both aerobic and anaerobic respiration occurs in the body but may be... Is less efficient than aerobic and inorganic phosphate acceptor is oxygen providing ATP conditions, only 2 reaction series only! Produces large quantities of lactic acid while the … Instead it must occur.. Efficient and can provide as much ATP as OXPHOS in a cancer cell low... 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